代謝
The metabolism is a series of chemical reactions that an organism performs for maintenance of life. The organism enables the growth and reproduction by these courses and maintains the system. The metabolism is divided into 2 of catabolism (catabolism) and assimilation (anabolism) greatly. The catabolism is the process that gets energy by dismantling organic substance, and, for example, there is cellular respiration. It is the process that the assimilation uses energy in this reverse, and compose organic substance, and, for example, there is the composition of protein and the nucleic acid. The chemical reaction of the metabolism is organized by a metabolic pathway, and one chemical substance is converted from other chemical substances by an enzyme. The enzyme is person that I am extremely important to push forward thermodynamically disadvantageous reaction as a catalyst profitably. In addition, the enzyme performs the adjustment of the metabolic pathway by reacting to the environment of the cell or the change of the signal (signal transmission) from other cells. The organic metabolism is decided how much the height of the nutritive value of the material is, in addition, how much toxic height is. For example, some prokaryotes get nourishment with hydrogen sulfide, but it is known by this gas that it is poison for the animal. In addition, the metabolic rate affects it how much food the organism needs. There are many cases that the term to call metabolism lets you do metabolism mainly, and is used, but the metabolism itself gets up by metabolism of the energy (because, in addition, the energy metabolism is taking place by the change of the material, I think that I am related mutually). Therefore, it is it with a correct definition of "the metabolism" of the this article as metabolism and words I contain energy metabolism, and to point at. A material and a simple definition and the positioning such as the energy metabolism are as follows. In addition, almost all of metabolic responses moves to an enzyme in charge of each reaction or the protein. Only the ground substance and a product are drawn in a metabolism map, but an enzyme is in charge of the reaction in itself. Ground substance, enzyme chemistry, adjustment in the expression level are seen not to have a specific material - deflection of the energy in metabolism system and the adjustment mechanism is very various and is close. With the metabolism, I mean the conversion of the material in the cell. Another name, metabolism. What I divide both by connection with the energy metabolism so that there is it as above and think about is difficult, but "metabolism" when I paid attention to the conversion of the material is metabolism. The metabolism is divided into catabolism and assimilation. Catabolism and the assimilation reaction are related. For example, carbon dioxide fixation (assimilation) is performed in the citric acid cycle of the reduction that is backward movement of the oxidative citric acid cycle (catabolism) that the backward movement of the glycolytic pathway which is catabolism reaction is a gluconeogenesis course (composition of the sugar). In addition, I am Calvin - A pentose phosphoric acid course (catabolism) that was a kind of the glycolytic pathway committed the Besson circuit (assimilation) reductively. However, this both are directionality of the reaction and ATP or reduction type pyridine nucleotide(NADH or NADPH) But, I can be distinguished easily when I pay attention to it whether it is generated (it assimilates you I use the energy that it generated by catabolism, catabolism ATP and to generate the reduction type pyridine nucleotide, and to compose the biopolymer). I dismantle outside organic matter or an inorganic matter with the catabolism and am metabolism I get energy, and to compose ATP. As for the creature doing actual money, it is said to be able to metabolize on the earth existing most organic compounds, but there is not catabolism metabolism system in each, and it is finally gathered by representative ATP generation mechanism. Those mechanism is fermentation, breathing, 3 of the photosynthesis. The photosynthesis is Calvin - When Besson circuit is included, I can become the assimilation reaction, but, in the photochemical reaction, it is classified in catabolism reaction so that NADPH and ATP are produced. In addition, the catabolism reactive side forces the photophosphorylation of the circulation aimed for as the master to ATP composition more. The fermentation performs ATP generation by the phosphorylation of the ground substance level, but is extremely low for energy efficiency without passing an electronic transmission system. However, it does not need simplicity and oxygen of the mechanism and is seen with many microbes well. In addition, glycolytic pathway throws even a muscle in the anaerobics on lactic fermentation (a muscular pain). An electronic grant body and an electronic acceptor are organic matter together, and sugar is usually used for a reduction material becoming an electronic grant body. However, the microbe has ability to ferment to ground substance with certain organic acid (acetic acid, lactic acid), an amino acid, nucleotide. The expression of the ATP generation by the phosphorylation of the ground substance level is as follows…