細胞
The cell is a minute room which all creatures hold-shaped infrastructure. It is a base unit in the function in the structure of the straight object. Except a virus, all creatures consist of the infrastructure "cell" of the form of this small room. In late years (→ cell theory) recognized as "the most basic unit of the creature" generally. Besides, there is even that it is considered to be the definition of the creature to have a cell (this case, the virus are placed to a non-creature). For structure, it is wrapped in a cell membrane and consists of cytoplasm. （→A property and structure to be common to the cell of all #）The cells are classified in procaryote and eucaryote by the structure. （→# procaryote and eucaryote）It is said that I have a form and the function that differentiated in particular inside of the cell when I compare the eucaryote with procaryote, and it is called "organelle" and （→A # organelle）The general size of the cell is around 1-100μm. （→The summary of the characteristic of # procaryote and the eucaryote）The creatures are various, and it is just, and there are various forms to a multicellular organism consisting of the cells which became it specially so as not to be able to live when a cell of one 1 can understand the thing which similar cells gather from the monad which a cell of one 1 becomes independent, and live and form a colony and a colony, and live together again. The body of the Homo sapiens consists of about 220 kinds cellular tissue which 60,000,000,000,000 cells gather, and was made. In addition, the cell increases numbers by cell division, and there does not need to be the thing that a cell is made by a method except it. When Robert hook observed the small piece of the cork layer of the cork oak with a microscope in 1665, I discovered this structure and named "cell" (a = small room). Theo Dole and Matthias Jacob Schleiden assumed that both the animal and the plant consisted of a cell basically in 1839, and the cell built the basics of "cell theory" to do when it was a base unit of the outbreak by creature common structure. （→The # history）All cells have a cell membrane, a chromosome, ribosome, a common componentry such as the cytoplasm (protoplasm) as an exception with several kinds special cells. Structure to separate the inside from the outside world is a cell membrane. The cell membrane consists of a lipid double layer. There is a water solution including the living body material in that and becomes the place of the metabolism. Including protein functioning for structure and metabolism for a living body material, I have DNA taking a genetic information. There are lipid and glucide as an energy source and the source of information elsewhere. These living body materials gather and take a more highly advanced structure. There is the DNA as a chromosome mainly. There are rRNA and ribosome consisting of the protein as a place of translation. In addition, I divide the cells to a cell, and there is ability such as gene expression, the metabolism. It is the means that a cell multiplies, and cell division is heredity and a basic phenomenon of the evolution. The gene expression is the process when the genetic information that DNA has is converted into function materials such as the protein. The metabolism takes in a material becoming the raw materials and uses it for construction and the energy production of the componentry of the cell, and it is a phenomenon discharging the by-product, and it is basic mechanism to maintain the constancy of the creature. It may be said that cell itself lives if I express this in other words. Therefore a cell is called a unit of the life. The cell is divided into procaryote and eucaryote by the internal structure. These biggest differences are having nucleus or not. A eubacterium and old bacteria are included in procaryote, and organism with a nucleus is included in the eucaryote. In addition, I call a creature consisting of procaryote a prokaryote in a mass. Old bacteria and organism with a nucleus are near evolutionarily, and a eubacterium leaves these three kinds of creatures group in the higher taxa called a domain. I compare the procaryote with eucaryote, and structure is simple. I can limit the procaryote to a creature making a monad and a colony. The eucaryote has an organelle in the inside of the cell membrane. It is thought that mitochondria and the chloroplast come from the thing that a eubacterium taken in by a cell lived together (symbiosis theory in the cell). The organism with a nucleus of the single cell has very various kinds, but there are many a colony and kinds of the multicellular organism (animal kingdom that is world, plant kingdom to be included in in a multicellular organism, all the eumyceteses are eucaryote creatures). In addition, there can be the thing that I call a nude nucleus cell, eucaryote a cover nucleus cell in procaryote.…